Abstract
Nutritional needs are increased during
pregnancy and lactation for support of fetal and infant growth and
development along
with alterations in maternal tissues and
metabolism. Total nutrient needs are not necessarily the sum of those
accumulated
in maternal tissues, products of pregnancy and
lactation and those attributable to the maintenance of nonreproducing
women.
Maternal metabolism is adjusted through the
elaboration of hormones that serve as mediators, redirecting nutrients
to highly
specialized maternal tissues specific to
reproduction (i.e., placenta and mammary gland). It is most unlikely
that the heightened
nutrient needs for successful reproduction can
always be met from the maternal diet.
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